Non Continuity editing is a style of editing that was made popular thought the 1950s and 1960s. Jean Luc Godard and Francois Truffaut were the two filmmakers that experienced with it and due to that they took this technique a step further, they created a new style called French New Wave. Most producers choose to use this type of editing because of its lack of continuity, its self reflexive nature, its does this by reminding the audience that they are not seeing real life, instead watching a film.
A Bout de Soufflé - Jean-Luc Goddard - Jump Cut
The clip above deliberately uses Jump cut, because we can experience a moment, when the girl on the left had a mirror on her hands, and suddenly when they go back to her it disappears, if you are an active watcher you will feel uncomfortable, because you will be wondering where did it go to. This was also used to draw attention to the viewer, to see if they are actually paying attention.
The Shining - Stanley Kubrick - Breaking the 180 Degree Rule The video on the right uses non-continuity editing because the 180 degree rule was broke, the 180 degree rule is to make sure the characters on a certain film swap places, but this happened in this one because the guy with the red jacket started on the left and the butler was on the right, but at 0:19 they swapped places, the guy that was on the left is on the right and the one on the right changed to the left. This technique was used to create a startling effect.
The Hunger Games - Gary Ross - Breaking the 180 Degree Rule
Even famous movies from Hollywood sometimes become care free when it comes to 180 degree rule, in this scene you will be able to see that the bed was moved from left to right, some people usually don't realize it but the ones that do are able to see that this is doesn't because they are trying to show us how she fells, if you watched the entire movie you will know that she just arrived in place that she will have to stay, even if she doesn't feel comfortable, that she doesn't feel like at home, that she feel lost and just not in the right place,and this ids why the 180 rule was broken so you can see how she feels.
Each scene of a film may last a matter of a second, or it could follow minutes but the length of each sequence establish the pace of the film moving the acting along.The speed of editing is to determine the mood of what is taking place on screen, for example if the mood is angry like in an action film the scenes will be faster like in The Bourne Ultimatum. But if is is a romantic film it will be more slower because people will tend to be more happier and soother like for example in the Notebook, when they were on the boat and they basically showed the whole scene for something that felt like 30m and after if it wasn't enough, when they got off the boat they showed the whole process of him taking the boat out, and her walking down the shore bridge.In a beginning of a film the scenes need to be slower and longer, so we can see where we are, and whats going on, so we can understand the story. As the film progresses the scenes need to be shorter and quicker, so a lot of editing is going to be used, sow e wont watch unnecessary scenes.
But it isn't always this easy some films are unedited, this might sound fun but it really isn't. An example for this would be the film Russian Ark, in this film you cant really see that it wasn't edited because the director made sure to do everything right and not leave any gaps, Russian Ark was made in one take, using a Steadicam and a digital camera. This required spicing timed seconds and organization.
Another type of thing that needs editing is a trailer, a trailer needs to be packed in detail, from the whole film, therefore everything needs to be very fast. A trailer needs to be filled with every essential of the film so the viewer feels anxious and curious. By showing everything in the trailer the viewer will wan tot watch the film and a whole, trailers are like a taste of the film, if you feel like you are going to like it you will buy it and eat it.
Cross Cutting
Cross cutting is the technique to link two sequences together that the audience need to realize that are connected in the same way.
This is when two things are happening in the same location, or when a multiple amount of people are going to the same place. An example of this could be a character reliving a memory.
Developing Drama
Cross Cutting is usually used to show a sense of drama,to make the audience feel something, like for example if someone is being killed in one scene you would see the person being killed in the other scene you would see someone coming near the person being killed, the viewer would feel sympathy because they knew that the person had a 50/50 % , because you don't know what is in the producers mind. This happened in the scream movie, in the beginning when Casey was murder, in this scene is made more dramatic by the cross cutting to her parents approaching her home, and almost making it on time to save her.
Cutaways
Cutaway is used to reveal details to the audience without distracting from the narrative or the action.This is basically used to make a longer sequence.This has to do with the speed of editing, if you don't want to whole film to be 5 sec long, you will have to make each story-line long enough but not to long that just turns boring, so cutaways are used to make that happen. This also has a lot to do with engaging the viewer, by not being boring, and super long people will be engaged to it and want to watch the whole thing.
In the video bellow you will be able to see how Creating Pace and Cross Cutting can be used in videos.
In this video you will be able to see different characters approaching each-other from different areas, i will be using cross cutting and peace of pace to show the audience that the characters are going to meet. In this video you will be able to visualise a guy with a hood on, stalking a supposed witness of his recent murdered. You will be able to see both characters throughout the whole video, both in different areas and coming together at the end of the video. I believe that the technique was well used because we made it clear what was happening and that they were both in the same building, going to the same place but not the same way.
Transitions are the movements from one shot to the next. Different transitions indicates different ideas to the audience watching the film due to that it is really important that you choose the right set of transition for your shots. Transitions, eg cut, dissolve, fade, wipe;
A straight cut is basically the end of a scene to a beginning of another without making the viewer notice. This the most common type of transition, because it makes it seem more realistic. This is used because it does not break the viewer suspension of disbelief.
Dissolve fade is another type of transition this is when a scene fades into a different, instead of disappearing, and other appear the images fade into each other. Due to this you are able to visualize both shots at the same time at a certain moment.the shots have to make a story therefore they have to be connected in some way. this can vary from people, places, objects anything , and it can also suggest something like for example the change of time.Example:
Fade is almost as similar as a dissolve but instead of dissolving, the image gradually fades into a black or white screen. This can indicate a Start or End of particular section of time .
The last one is wipe, this transition is not a very popular one this is because it can sometimes make the shot look very unrealistic.A wipe is when an image is pushed off the screen whether it is from the left,right, top or bottom. A wipe also indicates that something has changed, usually location.
Graphic Match
This is a type of decision that editors have to make, this is the decision of what two shots are added together, this is a decision because the shots have to connect, like for example if you decide that you want to put fade transition into your video, you will have to make the firs and the other picture connect so it makes sense, like for example a persons image with bags fading into a train station, this is the right way to do it because it makes very clear whats happening and it shows the audience the relationship between the images. An example for Graphic Match is " The Famous Shower Scene From "Psycho" this is shown in this movie when Marion's falls and her eye matches with the plug hole.
Manipulation of Diegetic time and space
Time and Space manipulation is a very important thing when it comes to film editing.This is used when film editors want to to show that a period of time has changed in a flashback or flash-forward, to show that a location has changed or to show the speed, for example if the time is moving quicker or slower than normal. An example would be seen in the film Alice in the wonderland, this happens when she travels to the wonderland world and to make it visible that she is travelling to a new unknown place everything happened fast.
Another effect frequently used is colour filter, this can be used from altering the saturation of an image to enhancing the colour or remove it, which would make the image black and white that is used for flashbacks. An example for this would be the film Memento this is a good example because when the man had a flash back they would change the colour of the scene so it could be visible and the audience could be able to realise, that something changed, for this they changed the colour of the scene from normal to black and white.
The other example is the magic mike, in this film they also used colour filter, they changed the image from normal to a yellow colour.
Other effect used is the alter the speed of the footage, this mostly added in the post production stage , while editing. An example for this would be the film The Time Machine, this happens when the traveler enters the time machine and the surrounding changes as he travels through time.
Another example for this can be found in the third of the Harry Potter Film, The scene is using layering and altering the speed of the image.
In this task I will be demonstrating the editing techniques in of manipulating of time and space. And effects and transitions and how an they be used.
In the video bellow you will be able to find two types of transitions, dissolve and fade, this was used to show the effect of manipulating diegetic time and space. Dissolve was used in the video when the group of friends were remembering something and having a flash back,this was used to make it visible to the audience about what was happening, this was also used when Abigail was drunk, in this scene we used effects and transitions the effect used was the change of colour to black and white and the transition was dissolve, this was used to emphasize the flashback,that then its changed to show the change of time and location .
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